What is EDFA how does works and where it be used

EDFA as define erbium dipped fiber amplifier. Indian products are available in 16/4 and 16/8 and Chinese products have several models like 16/32. Here 16 consider as a DB size. We can get four outputs from 4 and 16 levels.

EDFA generally upto 0.25 , 0.3 DB loss possible at every one kilometres. Hence 16/0.3 = 53 kilometres able to send signals.ml meanwhile if put any splitters then we must calculate the DB loss in between them.

EDFA generally used in MSO's and telecommunications they used to send signal across the nation. 

What is Proxy Server where it be used

                  Proxy server as another name called cache server. which is mostly used for large internet using organization and NOC, ISP and Internet exchange

                A cache server is a dedicated network server or service acting as a server that saves Web pages or other Internet content locally. By placing previously requested information in temporary storage, or cache, a cache server both speeds up access to data and reduces demand on an enterprise's bandwidth. Cache servers also allow users to access content offline, including rich media files or other documents. 

                 A cache server is sometimes called a "cache engine."A cache server is almost always also aproxy server, which is a server that "represents" users by intercepting their Internet requests and managing them for users. Typically, this is because enterprise resources are being protected by a firewall server. That server allows outgoing requests to go out but screens all incoming traffic. A proxy server helps match incoming messages with outgoing requests. In doing so, it is in a position to also cache the files that are received for later recall by any user. To the user, the proxy and cache servers are invisible; all Internet requests and returned responses appear to be coming from the addressed place on the Internet. (The proxy is not quite invisible; its IPaddress has to be specified as a configuration option to the browser or other protocol program.

Usage of OSS / BSS servers

OSS / BSS server basically used for telecommunications for network distribution

OSS/BSS, in telecommunications, stands foroperations support system/business support system. The two systems, operated together by telecommunications service providers, are used to support a range of telecommunication services

OSS- dealing with the telecom network itself, supporting processes such as maintaining network inventory, provisioning services, configuring network components, and managing faults. (More Hardware Oriented.)

BSS - dealing with customers, supporting processes such as taking orders, processing bills, and collecting payments. (More Software Oriented.)

Of course, BSS and OSS is more complex than that. Usually different companies have different ways of distinguishing what is OSS and what is BSS.

Different between ISP and internet exchange

ISP internet service providers everybody knows about them

Internet Exchange 

       Now a days there are two types of NOC, central NOC and sub NOC. Basically central NOC (internet control room) as called Internet Exchange. Because there have AAA server with OSS/BOSS server, caching servers and not only data's , caching solution , OTT streaming server international gateway as called peering and direct lines all these facilities are available here.

    For example if their customers has consume  highest Google service, then they can join direct Google service from their network gateway router. 

What is AAA server where it be used

         AAA server basically used for NOC, central NOC and internet exchange..

     An AAA server is a server program that handles user requests for access to computer resources and, for an enterprise, provides authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA)services. The AAA server typically interacts with network access andgateway servers and with databases and directories containing user information. The current standard by which devices or applications communicate with an AAA server is theRemote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS).

How does live telecasting channels are works

Since begining cable TV operators has been done live telecasting by using their own cable and OFC (optical fiber cable).

they can clearly distribute upto 20 to 30 kilometers. when they shoot and convert live videot in to stream and send to optical transmeeter edncodey.

and it be reached control room again it could down convert by a optical receiver. next the video can be telecast along with some logo,and adds by using

play out softwares.

in this technique audio and video are trasmited. when the shooting spot have mutliple camara it's been recording, then each and every

camara source as came control room by using the same technique and using mixing usint and online edit we can get a sing source.

if the channel owner haven't own fibe cable then they can use BSNL leased line. in the leased line have two types MLLN (managed leased line) & Non MLLN 

MLLN - Used to send signal from one end to anther end,for example if the signale send chennai to salem by using MLLN then only one connection must using this

line. and must want to get separate BSNL modem by using this MLLN.

Non-MLLN - Used multipoint distribution, for examble if the singel send from channai to salem meanwhile on the way we can telecast by reproduce to make drop at viluppuram and aathoor

that means we can create multiple IP's. single telecasting singnal using multiple distribution.

Another way of live telecasting we can do wireless technology. there also have some techniques. Live bag technology get's camara source and able to telecasting by streaming type.

but it must want high speed internet. if without internet we can do live steam by using OB (outdoor broadcasting) used for OB-van it been with big dish.

it have two types encrypted and non encrypted.

thanthi tv, cnn  are using encrypted.when the camera shoot source had send satellite by using OB-van and it down convert from channel broadcast control room

by using IRD. it also like a normal pay channel technique.

there are the techniques used for live telecasting

Not working when /var/www/html/index.html in CentOS

Basically when you are enable virtual hosting should've note some points as follows

If the sub domain page should be in a directory or folder, it wouldn't work when you put a single page instead of folder or directory

#vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
.
.
.
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin admin mail id
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/app3
    ServerName app3.example.in
    ErrorLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log
    CustomLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log common
</VirtualHost>

For example
not work when
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/index.html
work when
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/app3
//if index.html should be placed in app3 folder it would be work

What is MPLS where it be using ?

MPLS
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a type of data-carrying technique for high-performance telecommunications networks.MPLS directs data from one network node to the next based on short path labels rather than long network addresses, avoiding complex lookups in a routing table. The labels identify virtual links (paths) between distant nodes rather than endpoints. MPLS can encapsulate packets of various network protocols, hence its name "multiprotocol". MPLS supports a range of access technologies, including T1/E1, ATM, Frame Relay, and DSL.

Where it be using
This is the best way to pass streaming UTP videos, It could able to transfer UTP IP from one tele communication to another tele communications with unchanged their nature(point to multipoint).

most of the telecom companies are using this technique.

Functionality
MPLS is a scalable, protocol-independent transport. In an MPLS network, data packets are assigned labels. Packet-forwarding decisions are made solely on the contents of this label, without the need to examine the packet itself. This allows one to create end-to-end circuits across any type of transport medium, using any protocol. The primary benefit is to eliminate dependence on a particular OSI model data link layer (layer 2) technology, such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Frame Relay, Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET) or Ethernet, and eliminate the need for multiple layer-2 networks to satisfy different types of traffic. MPLS belongs to the family of packet-switched networks.

Label

MPLS Label

00	01	02	03	04	05	06	07	08	09	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Label																				TC: Traffic Class (QoS and ECN)			S: Bottom-of-Stack	TTL: Time-to-Live

How to remove apache test page in CentOS

After successful htttpd install you would seen apache test page from http://localhost

if you want to remove that page you must command some line as following

# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf

# the root URL.  To disable the Welcome page, comment
# out all the lines below.
#
<LocationMatch "^/+$">
    Options -Indexes
    ErrorDocument 403 /error/noindex.html
</LocationMatch>

command as follows

#<LocationMatch "^/+$">

#    Options -Indexes

#    ErrorDocument 403 /error/noindex.html

#</LocationMatch>

What is Augmented Reality and some Apps?

Augmented Reality

            Augmented reality apps, which pop digital images and content atop real footage or images, or combine real and virtual elements with ease, are already found on both iPhone and Android. Most of these apps are pretty simplistic, sure, but they offer a taste of what's coming down the pipeline with Apple's ARKit push and even Google's new ARCore software.
For deep here I'll list of some augmented based apps

Inkhunter

Planning to get tatted up – or conversely, trying to convince yourself not to make some huge mistake? Spare yourself the potential pain and expense and use inkHunter before you make any big commitments.

This ingenious freebie app lets you drop a digital tattoo design on to your body in real time, letting you see how it'll look on your skin. You can use existing designs or your own, and tweak them until you're happy. It could save you a laughable (or horrible) permanent fate.

Snapchat

Snapchat might be everyone's favourite way to send short-term disappearing messages, but the app's real best feature is its ridiculous lenses that transform your face in real time. The delightfully dopey filters are a blast to fool around with when you're bored, or need to amuse a small child.

They easily rearrange or embellish your face in silly ways with AR trickery, and we've since seen copycat versions show up in loads of other camera and messaging apps. The iPhone X's True Depth camera should only improve the quality of the results, too.


Ingress

Everyone knows Pokémon Go, but what about Ingress? See, Ingress is essentially the same core game, built by the very same developer, but it predates the Nintendo spinoff by a few years and never found quite the same wide, mainstream audience.

Why? Well, it's not nearly as colourful or attractive, nor is it very easy to get into. Ingress is heavy on menus as you capture points on the map for your faction, plus it's a lot more complicated. But Ingress has its die-hard devotees, and if you're willing to invest the time to figure it out and contend with high-level, longtime fans, then you might get sucked in.

Ikea catalog

Look, we all love going to Ikea – it's like an amusement park of retail bliss, but with cheap meatballs on top of the shopping splendor. But you won't know how any of that furniture is going to look in your flat until you bring it home and spend untold hours putting it together in a fit of rage.

Or will you? That's exactly what the Ikea Catalog app is for. Rather than just imagining how chairs, shelves, and bedframes will fit into your space, you can drop a perfect 3D version of each into view via augmented reality. Wonder no more… and don't waste time clumsily building something you'll hate.


Night sky

Can't tell your Little Dipper from your Ursa Major, or pick out any of the stars in the crowded evening sky? Well, that's exactly what Night Sky is for: it uses your location and GPS info to help you find exactly what's up above at any given time.

Just load up the app and point it skyward, and Night Sky will single out the real stars and constellations as you rotate your phone around. It's perfect for wannabe stargazers who don't actually know which stars they're trying to gaze at.


Transparent earth

Transparent Earth is actually quite a lot like Night Sky, except sort of in reverse. Instead of pointing up to the sky and seeing what's all the way out there in space, you'll point towards the ground and see what's all the way on the other side… of this planet.

This simple freebie app approximates what's on the other side of the Earth based on where you aim the phone, answering the lifelong question, "What would happen if you dug a hole all the way to the other side of the Earth?" Well, you'd burn up in magma, of course. But don't tell that to young children.


Quiver - 3D coloring

Quiver is one of the better picks for kids as it can transform their colouring pages into proper 3D characters via your phone's camera, and even let them play little games with them. Specially marked pages are available via the Quiver website that let you accomplish the feat.

Just print one out, colour the images as you please, and then scan it with the Quiver app to bring your customised character to life. For example, this little tiger guy can play a little football on your dining room table. Plenty of free pages are available, but there are also paid page packs if your tykes end up being truly enthralled by it.


Google Translate

Google's hugely useful app frankly feels a bit like magic in practice. Using your phone camera, it can read words and translate them on the fly right in front of you, even in real time. Just point the camera at some text, be it on a sign, package, or anything else, choose the language you're translating to and from, and see the visual trickery in action.

And you'll get even more accurate results if you snap a photo within the app, choose the text that's most important, and give Google a second to give you the text in your language. It's the perfect pocket companion for an international voyage.

How to product your password form password cracker program

Since lot of password hackers around there. Now a days some computer programs are come this stage, we all know about yahoo,adobe and linked in are hacked like that.

So to be aware of there here I'll give some tips to avoid hack by computer program

1. Password must be 12 letters

2. In that must have lower and upper case

3. and don't put upper case's are front and symbols are last

4. in order of 1234 and abcd date of birth might not be there

nevertheless if you aren't satisfied with your security, better you can bought premier mail service from google, etc...

How to retrieve and display data from database (ms access) using c#.net

Step 1: Start the visual studio 2010 and open new project

design the form like

 

Step 2 : Create the database and add some fields like

           

Step 3 : Connect the access database form server explorer like

Server explorer->add connection->

Browse ->select the particular access database

Check test connection and press ok.

Step 4: Write the coding like

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.ComponentModel;

using System.Data;

using System.Drawing;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Windows.Forms;

using System.Data.OleDb;

namespace exam1

{

    public partial class Form1 : Form

    {

       OleDbConnection vcon = new OleDbConnection (@"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=C:\Users\ANNAS\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\exam1\exam1\exa.mdb");

        public Form1()

        {

            InitializeComponent();

        }

private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            vcon.Open();

        }

//get the connection link from server explorer choose particular database properties for connection string

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            string vsql = "select * from show where firstname='"+textBox1 .Text +"'";

            OleDbCommand vcom = new OleDbCommand(vsql, vcon);

            DataSet vds = new DataSet();

            OleDbDataAdapter vda = new OleDbDataAdapter(vcom);

            vda.Fill(vds, "res");

            dataGridView1.DataSource = vds.Tables["res"];

            vda.Dispose();

            vcom.Dispose();

        }

private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            string vsql = "select * from show";

            OleDbCommand vcom = new OleDbCommand(vsql, vcon);

            DataSet vds = new DataSet();

            OleDbDataAdapter vda = new OleDbDataAdapter(vcom);

            vda.Fill(vds, "res");

            dataGridView1.DataSource = vds.Tables["res"];

            vda.Dispose();

            vcom.Dispose();

        }

    }

}

Step 5: Execute the project like

Step 6: Stop the Program execution.